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Measles Resources

Due to vaccination measles has been eradicated in Canada since 1998. However, as measles remains endemic in other parts of the world imported (travel related) cases continue to be seen in Canada. Due to an increase in measles activity globally Canada has begun to see more travel-related cases. These cases can spread rapidly in underimmunized communities. Currently, there is ongoing measles transmission in Canada impacting multiple provinces.

For updated surveillance data refer to:

Signs and Symptoms

Measles is a highly contagious respiratory virus. Symptoms of measles include fever, a maculopapular rash, red watery eyes and cough. The incubation period is about 10 days (ranging from 7-18 days) from exposure to the onset of prodromal symptoms. The maculopapular rash, typically appears 14 days after infection but can appear as late as day 19 to 21.

Transmission 

Measles is one of the most highly communicable infectious diseases. The measles virus spreads from an infected person through infectious respiratory particles through the air but it may also spread through direct contact infected nasal or throat secretions. 

People with confirmed measles are infectious from 4 days before rash onset to 4 days after the appearance of the rash. Virus from an infected person can remain in the air or on surfaces for up to 2 hours after a the infected person has left the space.

Airborne precautions should be used for patients with confirmed or suspected measles. HCWs are to wear a fit-tested, seal-checked N95 (or an equivalent or higher protection) respirator when providing care to a patient with suspect or confirmed measles, regardless of the immunity/vaccination status of the HCW. Additional personal protective equipment such as gloves, gown and eye protection may be added as required based on a point-of-care risk assessment (PCRA) per Routine Practices.

 For more information on IPAC measures refer to:

Prevention and Control

Immunization is the best way to prevent measles transmission. This means receiving two doses of measles-containing vaccine (e.g., MMR vaccine) for children and most adults (born after 1970). Individuals planning to travel outside of Canada should ensure they are adequately protected through vaccination. For more information on immunization and post-expsosure prophylaxis refer to:

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